Three seismographs are needed. Finding the Epicenter. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. We have answers to the most popular questions from our customers. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. 0000007783 00000 n Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Richter magnitude scale: An earthquake measurement scale created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Do you agree with this alignment? Figure 2. 0000001675 00000 n Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. (Grades 6 - 8). Last modified July 18, 2012. Use this information to complete the following. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. 0000001408 00000 n We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? Three seismographs are needed. different types of seismic waves. Seismic Waves. Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. How does the Mad Scientist. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. 0000009174 00000 n Epicenter Location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake 5. gov For online instructions and current fees click here. 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key (PDF) - skislah.edu Web12-earthquake-location-lab-answer-key 1/1 Downloaded from skislah.edu.my on February 15, 2023 by guest 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key Right here, we have countless ebook 12 Earthquake Location Lab Answer Key and collections to check out. 0000033429 00000 n Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. Thanks for your feedback! Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. Graphs, charts, and images can be used to identify patterns in data. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . 1. Use this information to complete the following. lag time. The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. The process is called triangulation. P wave: The first seismic wave of an earthquake. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. 0000001893 00000 n surface wave? A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. 0000007097 00000 n Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). Have students click on the Earthquakes Living Lab hyperlink in the top left in the earthquakes section. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. time for any point that is 3,000 miles The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. What data is used to determine magnitude? Last updated November 26, 2013. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. The travel-time graph Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. aqmd. [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C 1. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif 0000001736 00000 n 0000053998 00000 n The time 0000001978 00000 n 13. For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. MS-ESS3-2. distance from transducer to the focal point. Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. Activity: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Lecture 3 Damage from the earthquake was widespread, but the actual location of the earthquake (the epicenter) In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream The point of origin of an earthquake is called its focus and the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Hand out the worksheets to the groups and direct them to read through the instructions. 83 0 obj <> endobj minute apart, represent the passage of time 0000001604 00000 n In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. 0000106240 00000 n The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. 4. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Get the inside scoop on all things TeachEngineering such as new site features, curriculum updates, video releases, and more by signing up for our newsletter! One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. 0000002009 00000 n Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. The farther a station is from the If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. For example, As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. 0000006984 00000 n To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. inch = 500 km. https://people.wou.edu/~taylors/gs104/lab5key.pdf Locating Earthquake Epicenters | CK-12 Foundation Apr 8, 2020 . 0000078100 00000 n 0000001143 00000 n Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! 0000031066 00000 n 0000000856 00000 n As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. (Grades 9 - 12). (Grades Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. It takes S waves 14. The vertical lines, spaced one, minute apart, represent the passage of time, (from left to right). Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. How might they use this information? important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? to the lag time measured at this location? If your seismograph station is The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! Subject Areas: Reading Strategy. American Geosciences Institute. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. minutes? Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. 0000003991 00000 n All rights reserved. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Mr Gneiss. ?t?s=Yt '_( endstream endobj 76 0 obj <>stream activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory 0000008845 00000 n Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. The magnitude is the logarithm of the amplitude of the ground wave. 0000004769 00000 n In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. Section A - Operator Information 1. To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . Resources. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. 11 minutes elapsed between the first P wave and the last measurable surface wave. Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. We additionally manage to pay for . A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. earthquakes. Adjust the timing to the class period, remembering that you will need time to introduce the investigation, clean up afterwards, and re-set up for the next class (if you are working with more than one class). Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. What about P waves? 0000103591 00000 n 1. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). How far do S waves travel in 5 When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` Subjects: 12), computer or other device with Internet access, journal or writing paper for each student. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. earthquake. For upper grades, have students work individually, do two of the three seismic area tutorials, and look up historical earthquakes to learn their magnitudes, and make data tables or graphs with this information. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. P wave. El trmino tambin puede hacer referencia al ttulo o nombre de alguien a quien se di, Practica II - De Psicologian membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. Focus. The magnitude determination is based on seismic data. Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. Add to Library. $8.25. (Source: USGS). Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . The distance is in kilometers. Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. minutes = 6 minutes. 0000078169 00000 n Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. Moment magnitude scale. triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. 0000030240 00000 n Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). (5 minutes) Discuss how gathering information on epicenters can be applied. 0000002250 00000 n This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. %%EOF 0000001862 00000 n at that station. Seismograms As you may know, people have look numerous times for . Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. use slide 6 and answer key slide 7 how can i locate the earthquake epicenter michigan web the epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle do the Use the process of triangulation to locate an earthquake's epicenter. 01. %PDF-1.3 % The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. 0000030968 00000 n 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Do limits exist on what science can predict? Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. PDF. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. d>(ZvO= I also will take them through the general process of how find the difference in arrival times of p- and s-waves can be used to find a distance to an earthquake and how using data from 3 seismograph stations is used to locate the epicenter. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." As the drum rotated, the epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. Do you agree with this alignment? Epicenter. Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. For this activity, select the "Chile" box. 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